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Emmanuel Farge — Mechano-genetic coupling in embryogenesis : anterior mi-dgut differentiation and mesoderm invagination
Speaker :
Emmanuel Farge, Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development, UMR168, Institut Curie, Paris
When :
Wednesday 19 October at 11am
Where :
Salle 117
Title :
Mechano-genetic coupling in embryogenesis : anterior mi-dgut differentiation and mesoderm invagination
Abstract :
Embryonic development is a coordination of multi-cellular biochemical patterning and morphogenetic movements. Last decades revealed the close control of Myosin-II dependent biomechanical morphogenesis by patterning gene expression, with constant progress in the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Reversed control of developmental gene expression and of Myosin-II patterning by the mechanical strains developed by morphogenetic movements was recently revealed at Drosophila gastrulation, through mechano-transduction processes involving the Armadillo/beta-catenin pathway in anterior midgut functional differentiation, and the down-stream of Fog Rho pathway in the triggering of mesoderm invagination. We present the theoretical (simulations integrating the accumulated knowledge in the genetics of early embryonic development and morphogenesis), and the experimental (genetic and biophysical control of morphogenetic movements) tools having allowed the uncoupling of genetic inputs from mechanical inputs in the regulation of gene expression and Myosin-II patterning. Specifically, we describe the innovative magnetic tweezers tools that we have set up to measure and apply physiological strains and forces in vivo, from the inside of the tissue, to modulate and mimic morphogenetic movements in living embryos. Finally, we discuss mechanical induction in perspective in evolution.
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