Bash

le shell par défaut à la création du compte est /bin/bash. Vous pouvez demander à en changer via les formulaires web.

Le manuel de Bash, en français :

• http://abs.traduc.org/

Nombreux trucs & Astuces :

• https://explainshell.com/
• https://www.shellcheck.net/
• http://www.davidpashley.com/articles/writing-robust-shell-scripts/ (robust scripts)
• http://www.commentcamarche.net/faq/5444-bash-les-parametres
• http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/classictest
• http://coagul.org/drupal/publication/programmation-en-shell-bash-sous-linux
• http://synapse.wordpress.com/2005/12/28/a-dip-in-the-cup-of-bash-scripting/
• http://splike.com/wiki/Bash_Scripting_FAQ
• http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/bash-preserving-whitespace-using-set-and-eval
• http://linux.101hacks.com/unix/od-command-examples/ (od)
• http://hacktux.com/bash/script/efficient (builtin)
• http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ArithmeticExpression
• http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/
• https://sipb.mit.edu/doc/safe-shell/
• http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/fixing-unix-linux-filenames.html

• Bash vs zsh

Voir ces schémas (en) :

Expected behavior:

Reality goes ugly:

Source: http://blog.flowblok.id.au/2013-02/shell-startup-scripts.html

(outil de création des diagrammes : http://hg.flowblok.id.au/shell-startup)

( si quelqu'un à la même chose pour tcsh, ça m'interesse…)

problème avec modulefiles, /usr/share/modules/init/bash, soumission de jobs

/bin/bash: module: line 1: syntax error: unexpected end of file
/bin/bash: error importing function definition for `BASH_FUNC_module'

• https://kb.brightcomputing.com/faq/index.php?action=artikel&cat=2&id=239&artlang=en
• http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/functions.html
• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10496758/unexpected-end-of-file-and-error-importing-function-definition-error-running

• Use “strict mode with pipefail” (exit without continuing at first error)

set -euo pipefail

• Trace each command verbosely :

set -x

• explain code & errors

shellcheck monscript.sh

• online version : https://www.shellcheck.net/ or https://explainshell.com/
• online explaination for error code SC2154 : https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck/wiki/SC2154

• remplace home par scratch depuis SGE_O_WORKDIR, sauve dans SCRATCHDIR

SCRATCHDIR=${SGE_O_WORKDIR/home/scratch}

• nomme $OUTFILE et $LOGFILE selon $INFILE (en changeant l'extension)

INFILE=$1
TMPNAME=$(basename ${INFILE%.*})
OUTFILE="$TMPNAME"-done.hdf5
LOGFILE="$TMPNAME".log

• Message d'erreur explicite en cas de variable non-settée

# ${TMPDIR:?"TMPDIR nonexistent"}
 
result=$(ls ${TMPDIR:?"TMPDIR nonexistent"})
if [[ "$result" == "nonexistent" ]]
then
    echo "TMPDIR n'a pas été crée !"
    exit 1
fi

#! /bin/bash
 
VARIABLE="Let's test this string!"
 
# This is for regular expressions:
if [[ "$VARIABLE" =~ "Let's.*ring" ]]
then
    echo "matched"
else
    echo "nope"
fi
 
# And here we have Bash Patterns:
if [[ "$VARIABLE" == L*ing! ]]
then
    echo "matched"
else
    echo "nope"
fi

#! /bin/bash
 
VARIABLE="Let's test this string!"
 
# This is for regular expressions:
if [[ "$VARIABLE" =~ "Let's.*ring" ]]
then
    echo "#1 matched"
else
    echo "#1 nope"
fi
 
if [[ "$VARIABLE" =~ Let\'s.*ring ]]
then
    echo "#2 matched"
else
    echo "#2 nope"
fi

Results: #1 nope #2 matched

To get #1 matching remove quotes around RegExpr or set compat31 : shopt -s compat31

#!/bin/sh
 
thisString="1 2 3 4 5"
searchString="1 2"
# if you single quote your input, you could do this
# searchString=$1
 
case $thisString in
  # match exact string
  "$searchString") echo yep, it matches exactly;;
 
  # match start of string
  "$searchString"*) echo yep, it matches at the start ;;
 
  # match end of string
  *"$searchString") echo yep, it matches at the end ;;
 
  # searchString can be anywhere in thisString
  *"$searchString"*) echo yep, it matches in the middle somewhere ;;
 
  *) echo nope ;;
esac

On peut nommer les entrées d'un tableau (l'index).

• astuce :

tab[wwsi]="whatever/wwsi"
tab[wwoz]="whatever/to/wwoz"
tab[fip]="http://audio.scdn.arkena.com/11016/fip-midfi128.mp3"

Lister le tableau associatif :

• brute :

for i in ${tab[@]}; do echo $i; done

• astuce (boucle induite) :

printf "%s\n" "${tab[@]}"; done

Simplification de code résultante :

Parcours du tableau, connaissant l'index (ici $value).

• Avant :

tindex=$(for i in ${tab[@]}; do echo $i; done | grep ${value})
for ((i=0; i<${#tab[@]}; i++))
do
  if [[ "$tindex" == "{tab[$i]}" ]]
  then
    data=${tab[$i]}
  fi
done

• Aprés :

tindex=$(printf "%s\n" "${tab[@]}" | grep ${value})
data="${tab[$tindex]}"