Access to safe drinking water remains a critical challenge in Peru, where over half the national population and 76% of rural communities lack reliable supplies, exposing them to high costs and significant health risks. To address this crisis, this study presents sustainable, solar-based water disinfection and purification technologies tailored for rural applications. The approach leverages two primary strategies: (1) direct solar radiation via heterogeneous photocatalysis using nanoscale-modified semiconductors, and (2) solar-to-electric conversion (photovoltaics) to power complementary hybrid purifiers and atmospheric condensation units. For the first strategy, solar reactors utilizing immobilized semiconductors (such as TiO₂ and ZnO) were designed and tested. These reactors successfully eliminated over 99% of E. coli, Enterococci, and C. perfringens from natural waters while maintaining high operational stability across multiple cycles. The catalytic materials—including nanofibers, nanoferrites, and polyethylene-supported TiO₂ thin films—were synthesized and characterized using advanced techniques. To validate the model, prototypes scalable from 20 to 9,000 L/day were field-tested across diverse Peruvian regions (Chosica, Cusco, Tacna, and Loreto). The findings confirm the technical, economic, and environmental viability of these systems, demonstrating their potential to establish a decentralized technological platform for water self-sufficiency in vulnerable rural ecosystems.