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Shaping the Innate Immune Response Through Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Mediated by RNA-Binding Proteins.
Front Immunol, 12:796012.
Innate immunity is the frontline of defense against infections and tissue damage.It is a fast and semi-specific response involving a myriad of processes essentialfor protecting the organism. These reactions promote the clearance of danger byactivating, among others, an inflammatory response, the complement cascade and byrecruiting the adaptive immunity. Any disequilibrium in this functional balancecan lead to either inflammation-mediated tissue damage or defense inefficiency. Adynamic and coordinated gene expression program lies at the heart of the innateimmune response. This expression program varies depending on the cell-type andthe specific danger signal encountered by the cell and involves multiple layersof regulation. While these are achieved mainly via transcriptional control ofgene expression, numerous post-transcriptional regulatory pathways involvingRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other effectors play a critical role in itsfine-tuning. Alternative splicing, translational control and mRNA stability havebeen shown to be tightly regulated during the innate immune response andparticipate in modulating gene expression in a global or gene specific manner.More recently, microRNAs assisting RBPs and post-transcriptional modification ofRNA bases are also emerging as essential players of the innate immune process. Inthis review, we highlight the numerous roles played by specific RNA-bindingeffectors in mediating post-transcriptional control of gene expression to shapeinnate immunity.
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