Germany is the primary higher education partner of France in Europe and one of the main partners of the ENS de Lyon. A strong collaboration with the ENS de Lyon has been taking place for many years with the aim of promoting scientific and technological exchanges between the universities and research laboratories of both countries. The ENS de Lyon has been involved in multiple Franco-German cooperations conducted jointly, mainly between the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). Germany holds the second largest number of co-publications with the ENS de Lyon.